Supercritical extraction from red propolis and fractionation of its hydroalcoholic and ethanolic extracts using CO2 as anti-solvent / Extração supercrítica da própolis vermelha e fracionamento de seus extratos hidroalcoólicos e etanolicos usando CO2 como anti-solvente

Authors

  • Yaneth Machaca Monroy
  • Rodney Alexandre Ferreira Rodrigues
  • Marili Villa Nova Rodrigues
  • Adilson Sartoratto
  • Fernando Antonio Cabral

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n1-539

Keywords:

Extraction techniques, isoflavones, bees, Dalbergia ecastophyllum, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity.

Abstract

Technologies for extraction and fractionation of phenolic compounds from a typical propolis from northeastern Brazil, called red propolis, using supercritical fluids may represent an environmentally correct alternative to the current extraction processes, as they are included in the concept of "green chemistry". The objective of this work was to extract and fractionate the phenolic compounds from red propolis: I) Using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as solvent and ethanol as co-solvent to obtain an ethanolic extract; II) Using scCO2 as solvent and a mixture of ethanol: water (70:30, v / v) as co-solvent to obtain a hydroalcoholic extract. After extraction, the ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts were fractionated using scCO2 as antisolvent at a constant temperature of 50 ºC, subjected to four gradual pressures, in a sequential of separators operated at 200, 100 and 80 bar, at the end, atmospheric pressure (1.013 bar). The procedure was characterized according to extraction yield; total phenols, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity and color. It was found that the pressure influenced the yield and the concentration of the phenolic compounds in the extracts, demonstrating that the most efficient fractionation process occurred in the first and second separators. Overall, all extracts showed high antioxidant activity.

References

Alencar, S. M., T. L. C. Oldoni, et al. (2007). "Chemical composition and biological activity of a new type of Brazilian propolis: Red propolis." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 113(2): 278-283.

ANVISA. (2001). " National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA). ." Brazil. Ministry of Health. Normative Instruction n° 3: Technical Regulations of identify and Quality of bee venom, royal Bee, Jelly Wax, Lyophilized Royal Jelly, Bee Pollen, Propolis and Propolis Extract. Available: p. January 19

Barbosa, R. A., T. L. G. M. Nunes, et al. (2016). "Hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis promotes functional recovery and axon repair after sciatic nerve injury in rats." Pharmaceutical Biology 54(6): 993-1004.

Biscaia, D. and S. R. S. Ferreira (2009). "Propolis extracts obtained by low pressure methods and supercritical fluid extraction." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 51(1): 17-23.

Bueno-Silva, B., M. Franchin, et al. (2016). "Main pathways of action of Brazilian red propolis on the modulation of neutrophils migration in the inflammatory process." Phytomedicine 23(13): 1583-1590.

Bueno-Silva, B., D. Kawamoto, et al. (2015). "Brazilian Red Propolis Attenuates Inflammatory Signaling Cascade in LPS-Activated Macrophages." Plos One 10(12).

Cavendish, R. L., J. D. Santos, et al. (2015). "Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Brazilian red propolis extract and formononetin in rodents." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 173: 127-133.

Correa, F. R. S., F. S. Schanuel, et al. (2017). "Brazilian red propolis improves cutaneous wound healing suppressing inflammation-associated transcription factor NF kappa B." Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 86: 162-171.

Corzzini, S. C. S., H. D. F. Q. Barros, et al. (2017). "Extraction of edible avocado oil using supercritical CO2 and a CO2/ethanol mixture as solvents." Journal of Food Engineering 194: 40-45.

das Nevesa, M. V. M., T. M. S. da Silva, et al. (2016). "Isoflavone formononetin from red propolis acts as a fungicide against Candida sp." Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 47(1): 159-166.

Daugsch, A., C. S. Moraes, et al. (2008). "Brazilian Red PropolisChemical Composition and Botanical Origin." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 5(4): 435-441.

de Mendonca, L. S., F. M. R. de Mendonca, et al. (2015). "Chemical markers and antifungal activity of red propolis from Sergipe, Brazil." Food Science and Technology 35(2): 291-298.

Franchin, M., D. F. Colon, et al. (2016). "Vestitol Isolated from Brazilian Red Propolis Inhibits Neutrophils Migration in the Inflammatory Process: Elucidation of the Mechanism of Action." Journal of Natural Products 79(4): 954-960.

Freires, I. A., S. M. de Alencar, et al. (2016). "A pharmacological perspective on the use of Brazilian Red Propolis and its isolated compounds against human diseases." European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 110: 267-279.

Freires, I. A., V. C. P. P. Queiroz, et al. (2016). "Chemical composition and antifungal potential of Brazilian propolis against Candida spp." Journal De Mycologie Medicale 26(2): 122-132.

Frozza, C. O. D., C. S. C. Garcia, et al. (2013). "Chemical characterization, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Brazilian red propolis." Food and Chemical Toxicology 52: 137-142.

Garmus, T. T., S. F. M. Kopf, et al. (2019). "Ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts of pitanga leaves (Eugenia uniflora L.) and their fractionation by supercritical technology." Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 36(2): 1041-1051.

Garmus, T. T., L. C. Paviani, et al. (2015). "Extraction of phenolic compounds from pepper-rosmarin (Lippia sidoides Cham.) leaves by sequential extraction in fixed bed extractor using supercritical CO2, ethanol and water as solvents." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 99: 68-75.

Iio, A., K. Ohguchi, et al. (2010). "Ethanolic extracts of Brazilian red propolis promote adipocyte differentiation through PPAR gamma activation." Phytomedicine 17(12): 974-979.

Jacob, A., A. Parolia, et al. (2015). "The effects of Malaysian propolis and Brazilian red propolis on connective tissue fibroblasts in the wound healing process." Bmc Complementary and Alternative Medicine 15.

Jia, Z., M. C. Tang, et al. (1999). "The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals." Food Chemistry 64(4): 555-559.

Kamiya, T., H. Nishihara, et al. (2012). "Ethanol Extract of Brazilian Red Propolis Induces Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 60(44): 11065-11070.

Langa, E., J. I. Pardo, et al. (2019). "Supercritical anti-solvent fractionation of Artemisia absinthium L. conventional extracts: tracking artemetin and casticin." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 151: 15-23.

Larissa, F. S. C., S. S. Thaís, et al. (2020). "Determination of physicochemical characteristics and bioactive compounds in samples of pollen, geopropolis and honeyfrom Melipona Scutellaris bee species." Brazilian Journal of Development 6(4): 21484-21496.

Laskar, R. A., I. Sk, et al. (2010). "Antioxidant activity of Indian propolis and its chemical constituents." Food Chemistry 122(1): 233-237.

Lee, Y. N., C. R. Chen, et al. (2007). "Isolation and purification of 3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (artepillin C) in Brazilian propolis by supercritical fluid extractions." Separation and Purification Technology 54(1): 130-138.

Lim, J. S., Y. Y. Lee, et al. (1994). "Phase-Equilibria for Carbon-Dioxide Ethanol-Water System at Elevated Pressures." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 7(4): 219-230.

Lopez, B. G. C., C. C. de Lourenco, et al. (2015). "Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of red propolis: an alert for its safe use." Journal of Applied Microbiology 119(3): 677-687.

Machado, B. A. S., R. P. D. Silva, et al. (2016). "Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Extracts Obtained by Supercritical Extraction and Ethanolic Extraction of Brown, Green and Red Propolis Derived from Different Geographic Regions in Brazil." Plos One 11(1).

Martinez-Correa, H. A., P. M. Magalhaes, et al. (2011). "Extracts from pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) leaves: Influence of extraction process on antioxidant properties and yield of phenolic compounds." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 55(3): 998-1006.

Mensor, L. L., F. S. Menezes, et al. (2001). "Screening of Brazilian plant extracts for antioxidant activity by the use of DPPH free radical method." Phytotherapy Research 15(2): 127-130.

Miguel, M. G., S. Nunes, et al. (2010). "Phenols and antioxidant activity of hydro-alcoholic extracts of propolis from Algarve, South of Portugal." Food and Chemical Toxicology 48(12): 3418-3423.

Monroy, Y. M., R. A. F. Rodrigues, et al. (2018). "Fractionation of ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts of green propolis using supercritical carbon dioxide as an anti-solvent to obtain artepillin rich-extract." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 138: 167-173.

Monroy, Y. M., R. A. F. Rodrigues, et al. (2017). "Brazilian green propolis extracts obtained by conventional processes and by processes at high pressure with supercritical carbon dioxide, ethanol and water." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 130: 189-197.

Monroy, Y. M., R. A. F. Rodrigues, et al. (2016a). "Extraction of bioactive compounds from cob and pericarp of purple corn (Zea mays L.) by sequential extraction in fixed bed extractor using supercritical CO2, ethanol, and water as solvents." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 107: 250-259.

Monroy, Y. M., R. A. F. Rodrigues, et al. (2016b). "Optimization of the extraction of phenolic compounds from purple corn cob (Zea mays L.) by sequential extraction using supercritical carbon dioxide, ethanol and water as solvents." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 116: 10-19.

Monroy, Y. M., R. A. F. Rodrigues, et al. (2016c). "Influence of ethanol, water, and their mixtures as co-solvents of the supercritical carbon dioxide in the extraction of phenolics from purple corn cob (Zea mays L.)." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 118: 11-18.

Paula, J. T., I. M. O. Sousa, et al. (2017). "Selective fractionation of supercritical extracts from leaves of Baccharis dracunculifolia." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 127: 62-70.

Paviani, L. C., C. Dariva, et al. (2010). "Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Selectivity to Fractionate Phenolic Compounds from the Dry Ethanolic Extract of Propolis." Journal of Food Process Engineering 33(1): 15-27.

Quintana, S. E., D. Villanueva-Bermejo, et al. (2019). "Supercritical antisolvent particle precipitation and fractionation of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extracts." Journal of Co2 Utilization 34: 479-489.

Downloads

Published

2022-01-31

How to Cite

Monroy, Y. M., Rodrigues, R. A. F., Rodrigues, M. V. N., Sartoratto, A., & Cabral, F. A. (2022). Supercritical extraction from red propolis and fractionation of its hydroalcoholic and ethanolic extracts using CO2 as anti-solvent / Extração supercrítica da própolis vermelha e fracionamento de seus extratos hidroalcoólicos e etanolicos usando CO2 como anti-solvente. Brazilian Journal of Development, 8(1), 8032–8046. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n1-539

Issue

Section

Original Papers