Milk production and feeding behavior of lactating cows supplemented with a dry fungus fermentation product that expresses residual fibrolytic enzyme activity / Produção de leite e comportamento alimentar de vacas em lactação suplementadas com um produto de fermentação de fungo seco que expressa atividade de enzima fibrolítica residual
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n1-174Keywords:
dairy cattle, digestibility, precision nutrition, rumination, solid state fermentation.Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with a product of fermentation of dry fungi expressing residual enzymatic fibrolytic activity on the productive and behavioral performance of lactating cows. The study was carried out on a commercial dairy farm. 36 Holstein cows divided into two groups (control and supplemented) were evaluated for 23 days. The product came from a commercial source MAXFIBER® (Provita Supplements, Pinneberg / Germany) and was supplied in the amount of 10g / animal / day. The total digestibility of the mixed feed, the individual milk production, the feeding behavior in intelligent feeders (Intergado®), and the behavior of the animals were verified using cowMed animal monitoring collars (ChipInside® Technology / Santa Maria / RS / Brazil). Supplementation affected the animals' behavior, with an increase in activity time (P = 0.002) and a tendency to decrease in rumination time (P = 0.08). There was an increase in the frequency of ingestion (P = 0.001) and the duration of the meal (P = 0.001). Milk production was higher in the supplemented group (P = 0.05). The use of this additive alters the animals' behavior, reflecting an increase in milk production.
References
ABID, K.; JABRIL, J.; BECKERS, Y.; YAICH, H.; MALEK, A.; REKHIS, J.; KAMOUN, M. Influence of adding fibrolytic enzymes on the ruminal fermentation of date palm by-products. Archives Animal Breeding, v.62, p.1-8, 2019. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-62-1-2019
ADESOGAN, A. T.; ARRIOLA, K.G.; JIANG, Y.; OYEBADE, A.; PAULA, E.M.; PECH-CERVANTES, A.A.; ROMERO, J.J. Symposium review: Technologies for improving fiber utilization. Journal of Dairy Science, v.102, p.1–30, 2019. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15334
ALLEN, M.S. Effects of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, v.83, p.1598–1624, 2000. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)75030-2
ALLEN, M.S.; BRAFORD, B.J.; OBA, M. The hepatic oxidation theory of the control of feed intake and its application to ruminants. Journal of Animal Science, v.87, p.3317–3334, 2009. DOi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-1779
ARRIOLA, K.G.; KIM, S.C.; STAPLES, C.R.; ADESOGAN, A.T. Effect of fibrolytic enzyme application to low and high concentrate diets on the performance of lactating dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, v.94, p.832–841, 2011. DOi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3424
ARRIOLA, K.G.; OLIVEIRA, A.S.; MA, Z.X.; LEAN, I.J.; GIURCANU, M.C.; ADESOGAN, A.T. A meta-analysis on the effect os dietary application of exogenous fibrolitic enzymes on the performance of dairy cow. Journal of Dairy Science, v.100, p.1-1, 2016. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10 .3168/jds .2016 -12103.
BEAUCHEMIN, K.A.; COLOMBATTO, D.; MORGAVI, D.P. Use of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes to improve animal feed utilization by ruminants. Journal Animal of Science, v.81, p.37-47, 2003. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/2003.8114
BORCHERS, M.R.; CHANG, Y.M.; TSAI, I.C.; WADSWORTH, B.A.; BERLEY, J.M. A validation of technologies monitoring dairy cow feeding, ruminating, and lying behaviors. Journal of Dairy Science, v.99, p.7458–7466, 2016. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-10843
CARVALHO, P.C.F.; ANGUINONI, I.; MORAES, A; SOUZA, E.D.; SULC, R.M.; LANG, C.R.; FLORES, J.P.C.; LOPES, M.L.T.; DILSA, J.L.S.; CONTE, O.; WESP, C.L.; LEVIEN, R.; FONTANELI, R.S.; BAYER, C. Managing grazing animals 6 to achieve nutrient cycling and soil improvement in no-till integrated systems. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, p.259–273, 2009. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10705-010-9360-x
CLEMENT, P.; GUATTEO, R.; DELABY, L.; CHANVALLON, A.; PHILIPOT, J.M.; BAREILLE, N. Short communication: added value of rumination time for the prediction of dry matter intake in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, v.97, p.6531–6535, 2014. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7860
DEAN, D.B.; STAPLES, C.R.; LITTELL, R.C.; KIM, S.; ADESOGAN, A.T. Effect of method of adding a fibrolytic enzyme to dairy cow diets on feed intake digestibility, milk production, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolite. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, v.13, p.337–357, 2013. ISSN: 0972-2963
DEVRIES, T. Feeding Behavior, Feed Space, and Bunk Design and Management for Adult Dairy Cattle. Vet Clin Food Animal, v.35, p.61–76, 2019. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2018.10.003
ELGHANDOUR, M.M.Y.; SALEM, A.Z.M.; GONZALEZ-RONQUILLO, M.; BÓRQUEZ, J.L.; GADO, H.M.; ODONGO N.E.; PEÑUELAS, C.G. Effects of exogenous enzymes on in vitro gas production kinetics and ruminal fermentation of four fibrous feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology, v.179, p.46-5, 2013. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.11.010
GADO, H.M.; SALEM, A.Z.M.; ROBINSON, P.H.; HASSAN, M. Influence of exogenous enzymes on nutrient digestibility, extent of ruminal fermentation as well as milk prodution and composition in dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Tecnology, p.36-46, 2009. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.07.006
HE, Z.X.; WALKER, N.D.; MCALLISTER, T.A.; YANG, W.Z. Effect of wheat dried distillers grains with solubles and fibrolytic enzymes on ruminal fermentation, digestibility, growth performance, and feeding behavior of beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science, v.93, p.1218–1228, 2015. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas2014-8412
HOLTSHAUSEN, L.; CHUCH, Y.H.; GERARDO-CUERVO, H.; OBA, M.; BEAUCHEMIN, K.A. Improved milk production efficiency in early lactation dairy cattle with dietary addition of a developmental fibrolytic enzyme additive. Journal of Dairy Science, v.94, p.899–907, 2011. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3573
JOHNSTON, C.; DEVRIES, T.J. Short communication: Associations of feeding behavior and milk production in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, v.101, p.3367–3373, 2018. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13743
KING, M.T.M.; DANCY, K.M.; LE BLANC, S.J.; PAJOR, E.A.; DEVRIES, T.J. Deviations in behavior and productivity data before diagnosis of health disorders in cows milked with an automated system. Journal of Dairy Science, v.100, p.1–14, 2017. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-12723
KONONOFF, P.J.; HEINRICHS, A.J.; BUCKMASTER, D.R. Modification of the Penn State Particle Separator and the effects of moisture on its measurements. Journal of Dairy Science, v.86, p.1858–1863, 2003. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73773-4
KRAUSE, K.M.; COMBS, D.K.; BEAUCHEMIN, K.A. Effects of forage particle size and grain fermentability in midlactation cows. II. Ruminal pH and chewing activity. Journal of Dairy Science, v.85, p.1947–1957, 2002. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74271-9
KONDRATOVICH, L.B.; SARTURI, J.O.; HOFFMANN, C.A.; BALLOU, M.A.; TROJAN, S.J.; CAMPANILI, P.R.B. Effects of dietary exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on ruminal fermentation characteristics of beef steers fed high- and low-quality growing diets. Journal of Animal Science, v.97, p.3089–3102, 2019. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz165
MERTENS, D.R. Creating a system for meeting the requirements of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, v.80, p.1463–1481, 1997. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)76075-2
OH, J.; HARPER, M.; MELGAR, A.; COMPART, DMP.; HRISTOV, A.N. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based direct-fed microbial and exogenous enzyme products on enteric methane emission and productivity in lactating dairy cows. Journal of dairy science, v.102, p.6065–6075, 2019. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15753
PETERS, A.; MEYER, U.; DANICKE, S. Effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on performance and blood profile in early and mid-lactation cows. Animal Nutrition, v.1, p.229–238. 2015. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 0.1016/j.aninu.2015.09.001
RAN, T.; SALEEM, A.M.; SHEN, Y.; RIBEIRO, G.O.; BEAUCHEMIN, K.A.; TSANG, A.; YANG, W.; MCALLISTER, T.A. Effects of a recombinant fibrolytic enzyme on fiber digestion, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen balance, and total tract digestibility of heifers fed a high forage diet. Journal of Animal Science, v.97, p.3578-3587, 2019. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz216
REFAT, B.; CHRISTENSEN, D.A.; MCKINNON, J.J.; YANG, W.; BEATTIE, A.D.; MCALLISTER, T.A.; EUN, J.; ABDEL-RAHMAN, G.A.; YU, P. Effect of fibrolytic enzymes on lactational performance, feeding behavior, and digestibility in high-producing dairy cows fed a barley silage–based diet. Journal of Dairy Science, v.101, p.1-9, 2018. DOI: http://dx.doi/org/ 10.3168/jds.2017-14203
ROBLES, V.; GONZÁLEZ, L.A.; FERRET, A.; MANTECA, X.; CALSAMIGLIA, S. Effects of feeding frequency on intake, ruminal fermentation, and feeding behavior in heifers fed high-concentrate diets. Journal of Animal Science, v.85, p.2538–2547, 2007. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2006-739
SILVA, T.H.; TAKIYA, C.S.; VENDRAMINI, T.H.A.; JESUS, E.F.; ZANFERARI, F.; RENNÓ, F.P. Effects of dietary fibrolytic enzymes on chewing time, ruminal fermentation, and performance of mid-lactating dairy cows. Journal Animal Feed Science and Technology, v.221, p.35-43, 2016. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.08.013
SILVA, J.; CARRARA, T.V.B.; PEREIRA, M.C.S.; OLIVEIRA, C.A.; JÚNIOR, I.C.B.; WATANABE, D.H.M.W.; RIGUEIRO, A.L.N.; ARRIGONI, M.B.; MILLEN, D.D. Feedlot performance, feeding behavior and rumen morphometrics of Nellore cattle submitted to different feeding frequencies. Scientia Agricola, v.75, p.121-128, 2018. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2016-0335
SORIANI, N.; TREVISI, E.; CALAMAR, L. Relationships between rumination time, metabolic conditions, and health status in dairy cows during the transition period. Journal of Dairy Science, v.90, p.4544–4554, 2012. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2012-5064
SUJANI, S.; SERESINHE, R.T. Exogenous enzymes in ruminant nutrition: A review. Asian Journal of Animal Science, v.93, p.85-99, 2015. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10 .3923/ajas .2015 .85 .99
STEENSELS, M.; MALTZ, E.; BAHR, C.; BERCKMANS, D. Towards practical application of sensors for monitoring animal health: the effect of post-calving health problems on rumination duration, activity and milk yield. Journal of Dairy Research, v.84, p,132–138, 2017. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022029917000176
USDA-UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Agricultural Statistics, 2017.
TILLEY, J.M.A.; TERRY, R.A. A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crop. Journal British Grassland Society, v.18, p.104-111, 1963. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1963.tb00335
VAN SOEST, P.J.; ROBERTSON, J.B.; LEWIS, B.A. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and no starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, v.74, p.3583-3597, 1991. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10 .3168/ jds .S0022 -0302(91)78551 -2
ZILIO, E.M.C.; DEL VALLE, T.A.; GHIZZI, L.G.; TAKIYA, C.S.; DIAS, M.S.S.; NUNES, A.T.; SILVA, G.G.; RENNÓ, F.P. Effects of exogenous fibrolytic and amylolytic enzymes on ruminal fermentation and performance of mid-lactation dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, v.102, p.1–11, 2019. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-14949