Avaliação “in vitro” da eficácia do extrato hidroalcoólico do cajá (Spondias mombin L.) e da graviola (Annona muricata L.) sobre microorganismos orais / In vitro evaluation of the efficacy of cajá (Spondias mombin L.) and soursop (Annona muricata L.) hydroalcoholic extract on oral microorganisms

Authors

  • Raphael Fernando Dias de Freitas
  • Amanda Pissinatti Canelli
  • Andrea Aparecida de Aro
  • Adilson Sartoratto
  • Cristina Maria Franzini
  • Vivian Fernandes Furletti de Góes

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv6n9-204

Keywords:

Candida spp., microrganismos periodontais, atividade antimicrobiana, extratos vegetais.

Abstract

O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar in vitro os parâmetros químicos e de citotoxicidade seletiva dos extratos hidroalcoólicos da graviola (Annona muricata L.) casca (EGC) e fruto (EGF) e Cajá (Spondias mombin L.) casca (ECC) e fruto (ECF), bem como verificar a atividade antimicrobiana dos mesmos sobre Candida spp., Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum e Porphyromonas gingivalis. A análise dos parâmetros químicos foi realizada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas (CG-EM). A citotocixidade seletiva foi avaliada através do teste MTT (3-[4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il]-2,5-difenil-brometo de tetrazólio) e as análises microbiológicas dos extratos foram determinadas pelos métodos de microdiluição buscando a concentração inibitória mínima (MIC), e a determinação da concentração fungicida e bactericida mínima (MFC / MBC). As análises de rendimento, CG-EM, MIC, MFC e MBC atenderam aos parâmetros de normalidade e foram analisadas por meio de Two-Way Anova e o MTT por meio de Bonferroni com p < 0,05. Foram observados os melhores rendimentos para EGC (18,50%) e ECC (14,68%). Os compostos químicos majoritários presentes nos extratos foram do grupamento éster. No ensaio de MTT, no tempo de 24h, o EGF apresentou menor citotoxicidade que a clorexidina (p<0,05), enquanto que em 48h, o ECC apresentou menor citotoxicidade que ECF, nistatina e clorexidina (p<0,05). A MIC para os extratos hidroalcoólicos de casca e fruto de ambas as espécies vegetais frente a Candida spp. foi de 8 mg/mL, já para todas as bactérias periodontais apenas o ECC foi efetivo na concentração de 8 mg/mL. Os extratos não demonstraram atividade fungicida e o ECC apresentou ação bactericida na concentração de 8 mg/mL. Pode-se concluir que os extratos da casca e fruto do cajá e da graviola apresentaram baixa atividade antimicrobiana frente aos periodontopatógenos e às células de Candida spp. e não demonstraram atividade fungicida nas concentrações avaliadas. Entretanto o ECC apresentou atividade bactericida, podendo ser considerado alternativa viável como antibiótico devido a menor toxicidade comparada aos fármacos disponíveis comercialmente.

References

KOUIDHI, Bochra; AL QURASHI, Yasir Mohammed A.; CHAIEB, Kamel. Drug resistance of bacterial dental biofilm and the potential use of natural compounds as alternative for prevention and treatment. Microbial pathogenesis, v. 80, p. 39-49, 2015.

CASARIN, M. et al. RT?PCR quantification of periodontal pathogens in crack users and non?users. Oral diseases, v. 23, n. 3, p. 324-330, 2017.

ZANDBERGEN, Dina et al. The clinical effect of scaling and root planing and the concomitant administration of systemic amoxicillin and metronidazole: a systematic review. Journal of periodontology, v. 84, n. 3, p. 332-351, 2013.

HAJISHENGALLIS, George. Immunomicrobial pathogenesis of periodontitis: keystones, pathobionts, and host response. Trends in immunology, v. 35, n. 1, p. 3-11, 2014.

MAIA, Melissa Barral; COSTA, Gustavo Silva; DA SILVA, Kelly Cristine Fernandes. Associação entre diabetes mellitus e doença periodontal. Revista Intercâmbio, v. 10, p. 181-197, 2017.

KEESTRA, J. A. J. et al. Non?surgical periodontal therapy with systemic antibiotics in patients with untreated chronic periodontitis: a systematic review and meta?analysis. Journal of periodontal research, v. 50, n. 3, p. 294-314, 2015.

JEPSEN, Karin; JEPSEN, Søren. Antibiotics/antimicrobials: systemic and local administration in the therapy of mild to moderately advanced periodontitis. Periodontology 2000, v. 71, n. 1, p. 82-112, 2016.

KANAGALINGAM, J. et al. Practical use of povidone?iodine antiseptic in the maintenance of oral health and in the prevention and treatment of common oropharyngeal infections. International journal of clinical practice, v. 69, n. 11, p. 1247-1256, 2015.

PERLIN, David S.; RAUTEMAA-RICHARDSON, Riina; ALASTRUEY-IZQUIERDO, Ana. The global problem of antifungal resistance: prevalence, mechanisms, and management. The Lancet infectious diseases, v. 17, n. 12, p. 383-392, 2017.

VIPULANANDAN, G. et al. Dynamics of mixed–Candida species biofilms in response to antifungals. Journal of dental research, v. 97, n. 1, p. 91-98, 2018.

ARENDRUP, Maiken Cavling; PATTERSON, Thomas F. Multidrug-resistant Candida: epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and treatment. The Journal of infectious diseases, v. 216, n. suppl_3, p. S445-S451, 2017.

DARTEVELLE, Pauline et al. D-Cateslytin: a new antifungal agent for the treatment of oral Candida albicans associated infections. Scientific reports, v. 8, n. 1, p. 1-10, 2018.

FURLETTI, V. F. et al. Action of Coriandrum sativum L. essential oil upon oral Candida albicans biofilm formation. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, p. 1-9, 2011.

ATANASOV, Atanas G. et al. Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: A review. Biotechnology advances, v. 33, n. 8, p. 1582-1614, 2015.

CORDEIRO, J. M. P.; FÉLIX, L. P. Conhecimento botânico medicinal sobre espécies vegetais nativas da caatinga e plantas espontâneas no agreste da Paraíba, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, v. 16, n. 3, p. 685-692, 2014.

PATEL, Ms Sejal; PATEL, Jayvadan K. A review on a miracle fruits of Annona muricata. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, v. 5, n. 1, p. 137-148, 2016.

RADY, Islam et al. Anticancer properties of Graviola (Annona muricata): a comprehensive mechanistic review. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, p. 1-39, 2018.

BIBA, V. S. et al. Anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Annonaceae family. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, v. 3, n. 3, p. 1595-1604, 2014.

PAI, BH Mithun et al. Anti-microbial efficacy of soursop leaf extract (Annona muricata) on oral pathogens: An in-vitro study. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, v. 10, n. 11, p. 1-4, 2016.

OLUGBUYIRO, J. A. O. Antioxidant activity, DNA damaged protection and apoptosis induction potential of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, v. 8, n. 7, p. 3122-3127, 2017.

MATTIETTO, R. de A.; LOPES, A. S.; DE MENEZES, H. C. Caracterização física e físico-química dos frutos da cajazeira (Spondias mombin L.) e de suas polpas obtidas por dois tipos de extrator. Brazilian Journal of Food Technology, v. 13, n. 3, p. 156-164, 2010.

MADUKA, H. C. C. et al. Phytochemical, antioxidant and microbial inhibitory effects of Spondias mombin leaf and stem bark extracts. Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, v. 9, n. 2, p. 14-17, 2014.

TEMITOPE, Osuntokun Oludare et al. Synergistic Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Spondias mombin Extracts and Conventional Antibiotic and Antifungal Agents on Selected Clinical Microorganisms. Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, v. 5, n. 2A, p. 307-318, 2017.

ADEGOKE, Anthony A.; AIYEGORO, Olayinka A.; STENSTROM, Thor A. Effect of interaction of methanol leaf extract of Spondias mombin (Linn) and amoxicillin on some diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, v. 15, n. 3, p. 475-480, 2016.

CRUZ, José Henrique Araújo et al. Malva Sylvestris, Vitis Vinífera e Punica Granatum: uma revisão sobre a contribuição para o tratamento de periodontite. ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION, v. 7, n. 11, p. 486-491, 2019.

CARRERA, G. C. et al. Testes fitoquímicos em extratos foliares de Oeceoclades maculata Lindl.(Orchidaceae). Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, v. 16, n. 4, p. 938-944, 2014.

MARKHAM, Kenneth R. et al. HPLC and GC-MS identification of the major organic constituents in New Zeland propolis. Phytochemisty, v. 42, p. 205-211, 1996.

PROESTOS, Charalampos et al. Determination of phenolic compounds in aromatic plants by RP-HPLC and GC-MS. Food chemistry, v. 95, n. 1, p. 44-52, 2006.

MOSMANN, Tim. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. Journal of immunological methods, v. 65, n. 1-2, p. 55-63, 1983.

TANASIEWICZ, Marta et al. The analysis of cytotoxicity of an experimental preparation used for the reduction of dentin hypersensitivity. Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, v. 26, n. 1, p. 15-22, 2017.

KRISHNAN, Kannabiran; MANI, Abirami; JASMINE, Subashini. Cytotoxic activity of bioactive compound 1, 2-benzene dicarboxylic acid, mono 2-ethylhexyl ester extracted from a marine derived Streptomyces sp. VITSJK8. International journal of molecular and cellular medicine, v. 3, n. 4, p. 246-254, 2014.

MOHAMMADI-KHANAPOSHTANI, Maryam et al. Design, synthesis, in vitro cytotoxic activity evaluation, and apoptosis-induction study of new 9 (10H)-acridinone-1, 2, 3-triazoles. Molecular diversity, v. 19, n. 4, p. 787-795, 2015.

QIAO, Xin et al. Biological evaluation of a cytotoxic 2-substituted benzimidazole copper (II) complex: DNA damage, antiproliferation and apoptotic induction activity in human cervical cancer cells. Biometals, v. 27, n. 1, p. 155-172, 2014.

CLSI. Clinical and Laboratorial Standards Institute, Norma M27-A2. Método de referência para testes de diluição em caldo para determinação da sensibilidade de leveduras à terapia antifúngica. 2º ed, 2002.

CLSI. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Norma M7-A6. Metodologia dos testes de sensibilidade a agentes antimicrobianos por diluição para bactéria de crescimento aeróbico. 6º ed, 2005.

WEMMENHOVE, Ellen et al. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of undissociated lactic, acetic, citric and propionic acid for Listeria monocytogenes under conditions relevant to cheese. Food microbiology, v. 58, p. 63-67, 2016.

DÍAZ DE RIENZO, Mayri A. et al. Antibacterial properties of biosurfactants against selected Gram-positive and-negative bacteria. FEMS Microbiology Letters, v. 363, n. 2, p. 1-11, 2016.

NEWMAN, David J.; CRAGG, Gordon M. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the 30 years from 1981 to 2010. Journal of natural products, v. 75, n. 3, p. 311-335, 2012.

CRUZ, José Henrique Araújo et al. Malva Sylvestris, Vitis Vinífera e Punica Granatum: uma revisão sobre a contribuição para o tratamento de periodontite. ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION, v. 7, n. 11, p. 486-491, 2019.

SMANSKI, Michael J. et al. Synthetic biology to access and expand nature's chemical diversity. Nature Reviews Microbiology, v. 14, n. 3, p. 135-149, 2016.

ALENCAR, Laianne Carla Batista et al. Efeito modulador do extrato de plantas medicinais do gênero Spondias sobre a resistência de cepas de Staphylococcus aureus à Eritromicina. Journal of Basic and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, v. 36, n. 1, p. 111-116, 2015.

BRITO, Samara Alves et al. Antiulcer Activity and Potential Mechanism of Action of the Leaves of Spondias mombin L. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, v. 2018, p. 1-20, 2018.

BOCHNER, Rosany et al. Problemas associados ao uso de plantas medicinais comercializadas no Mercadão de Madureira, município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, v. 14, n. 3, p. 537-547, 2012.

RODRIGUES, T. S. et al. Métodos de secagem e rendimento dos extratos de folhas de Plectranthus barbatus (boldo-da-terra) e P. ornatus (boldo-miúdo). Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, v. 13, n. SPE, p. 587-590, 2011.

GONDIM, Jussara A. Melo et al. Composição centesimal e de minerais em cascas de frutas. Food Science and Technology, v. 25, n. 4, p. 825-827, 2005.

ALIGIANNIS, Nektarios et al. Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of two Origanum species. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, v. 49, n. 9, p. 4168-4170, 2001.

DUARTE, Marta Cristina Teixeira et al. Anti-Candida activity of Brazilian medicinal plants. Journal of ethnopharmacology, v. 97, n. 2, p. 305-311, 2005.

MA, Jun et al. Composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of supercritical fluid extract of Elsholtzia ciliata. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, v. 21, n. 2, p. 556-562, 2018.

KIM, Jung-Eun et al. Antimicrobial constituents from Allium hookeri root. Natural product communications, v. 11, n. 2, p. 237-238, 2016.

ADESANWO, Julius K. et al. Chemical analyses, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of extracts from Cola nitida seed. Journal of exploratory research in pharmacology, v. 2, n. 3, p. 67-77, 2017.

LIM, Hae-Soon et al. Characterization of antibacterial cell-free supernatant from oral care probiotic Weissella cibaria, CMU. Molecules, v. 23, n. 8, p. 1-13, 2018.

HASSAN, Ramadan; EL-KADI, Sherif; SAND, Mostafa. Effect of some organic acids on some fungal growth and their toxins production. International Journal of Advances in Biology, v. 2, n. 1, p. 1-11, 2015.

PARISE FILHO, Roberto et al. Prodrugs available on the Brazilian pharmaceutical market and their corresponding bioactivation pathways. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, v. 46, n. 3, p. 393-420, 2010.

SANTOS, Cledir. Ciclização intramolecular: uma estratégia promissora no desenvolvimento de pró-fármacos. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Farmacêuticas, v. 44, n. 3, p. 349-360, 2008.

JALALVAND, Ali R. et al. Chemical characterization and antioxidant, cytotoxic, antibacterial, and antifungal properties of ethanolic extract of Allium Saralicum RM Fritsch leaves rich in linolenic acid, methyl ester. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, v. 192, p. 103-112, 2019.

PENG, Wanxi et al. Characteristics of antibacterial molecular activities in poplar wood extractives. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, v. 24, n. 2, p. 399-404, 2017.

LIM, Vuanghao et al. Antimicrobial evaluation and GC-MS analysis of Strobilanthes crispus ethanolic leaf extract. European Journal of Medicinal Plants, v.10, n. 4, p. 1-8, 2015.

LUO, Yu et al. A New hexanedioic acid analogue from the endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. OC-4 of Orchidantha chinensis. Chemistry of natural compounds, v. 53, n. 5, p. 834-838, 2017.

GNAVI, Giorgio et al. The antimicrobial potential of algicolous marine fungi for counteracting multidrug-resistant bacteria: phylogenetic diversity and chemical profiling. Research in microbiology, v. 167, n. 6, p. 492-500, 2016.

DA SILVA, GABRIEL ARAÚJO et al. Avaliação da letalidade e atividade antimicrobiana de extratos de folhas de Spondias mombin aff. tuberosa. FACIDER - Revista Científica, v. 1, n. 1, p. 1-18, 2012.

CROCCO, Elisete I. et al. Identificação de espécies de Candida e susceptibilidade antifúngica in vitro: estudo de 100 pacientes com candidíases superficiais. Anais brasileiros de dermatologia, v. 79, n. 6, p. 689-697, 2004.

KARPI?SKI, T. M.; SZKARADKIEWICZ, A. K. Chlorhexidine–pharmaco-biological activity and application. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, v. 19, n. 7, p. 1321-1326, 2015.

AYOKA, A. O. et al. Medicinal and economic value of Spondias mombin. African Journal of Biomedical Research, v. 11, n. 2, p. 129-136, 2008.

ABO, K. A.; OGUNLEYE, V. O.; ASHIDI, J. S. Antimicrobial potential of Spondias mombin, Croton zambesicus and Zygotritonia crocea. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, v. 13, n. 6, p. 494-497, 1999.

AJAO, A. O.; SHONUKAN, O.; FEMI-ONADEKO, B. Antibacterial effect of aqueous and alcohol extracts of Spondias mombin, and Alchornea cordifolia-two local antimicrobial remedies. International Journal of crude drug Research, v. 23, n. 2, p. 67-72, 1985.

SAFFARI, Fereshteh et al. The effects of chlorhexidine and persica mouthwashes on colonization of Streptococcus mutans on fixed orthodontics O-rings. Journal of Dentistry, v. 16, n. 1, p. 54-57, 2015.

FREITAS, Erlania Carmo; DE MORAES, Maria Olímpia Batista; SILVA, Ana Carolina Morais. Metabólitos secundários presentes na Annona muricata L e suas propriedades nutricionais e funcionais em oncologia. RBONE - Revista Brasileira de Obesidade, Nutrição e Emagrecimento, v. 11, n. 61, p. 19-22, 2017.

ASUQUO, O. R. et al. Comparative study of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of Spondias mombin on neurobehaviour in male rats. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, v. 5, n. 2, p. 29-35, 2013.

DA SILVA, Gabriel Araujo et al. Gênero Spondias: aspectos botânicos, composição química e potencial farmacológico. Journal of Biology & Pharmacy and Agricultural Management, v. 10, n. 1, p. 27-41, 2014.

Published

2020-09-10

How to Cite

Freitas, R. F. D. de, Canelli, A. P., Aro, A. A. de, Sartoratto, A., Franzini, C. M., & Góes, V. F. F. de. (2020). Avaliação “in vitro” da eficácia do extrato hidroalcoólico do cajá (Spondias mombin L.) e da graviola (Annona muricata L.) sobre microorganismos orais / In vitro evaluation of the efficacy of cajá (Spondias mombin L.) and soursop (Annona muricata L.) hydroalcoholic extract on oral microorganisms. Brazilian Journal of Development, 6(9), 66772–66793. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv6n9-204

Issue

Section

Original Papers