Evidências científicas atualizadas sobre as vacinas para prevenção do SARS-COV-2 / Updated scientific evidence on vaccines for SARS-COV-2 prevention
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv5n3-155Keywords:
vacinas, coronavírus, prevenção primária.Abstract
Os diversos laboratórios estão desenvolvendo vacinas para prevenção da infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2, conhecido como COVID-19. O desenvolvimento de vacinas progride por meio de avaliação pré-clínica e três estágios clínicos distintos, ensaios de fase I que são elaborados para testar a segurança da vacina, embora a imunogenicidade também seja medida, ensaios de fase II que expandem o perfil de segurança e a avaliação da resposta imune em um número maior de participantes e ensaios de fase III que são elaborados para determinar a eficácia na prevenção de um desfecho predefinido, geralmente doença confirmada por laboratório. Os estudos em animais para as vacinas de SARS-CoV-1 e MERS-CoV levantaram preocupações quanto ao aumento da doença com a vacinação, após o desafio com o vírus de tipo selvagem, alguns animais previamente vacinados desenvolveram anticorpos não neutralizantes e respostas de células Th2 que foram associadas à inflamação pulmonar eosinofílica. No entanto, parâmetros imunológicos específicos foram propostos para estudos em animais e humanos para reduzir o risco de aumento da doença com vacinas COVID-19.
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